He could see villages on the ground and likely thought that he could get away with descending below the MDA like he did at Lugano, and that he would break out of the clouds well above any terrain. Assisting the captain was 25-year-old First Officer Stefan Lhrer, who was fresh out of training with just 500 hours under his belt. Crossair chief, Andr Dos, announced on Monday the airline would pay SFr30,000 to relatives and survivors of the crash of Crossair flight LX3597 from Berlin to Zurich. WebHans-Ulrich Rudel (19161982), German ground-attack pilot during World War II. For people who are interested in the Canadian TV series, Air Crash Investigation(Everywhere else)/Mayday(Canada)/Air Disasters(US), similar shows, and aviation incidents/accidents in general. Lutz was an extremely experienced pilot with more than 19,500 flight hours approximately 19,300 of which were as pilot in command. Crossair had no full-time flight safety officer; this position was held part-time by one of its pilots. Metallica - Master Of Puppets (GUITAR COVER) The AAIB would conclude that the accident was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) caused by a series of pilot errors and navigation mistakes that led the plane off-course. instead, Lutz was over 4 nautical miles (7.4km; 4.6mi) from the runway, and could not possibly have seen the runway due to the presence of a hill, below the MDA of 2,400 feet (730m), that would have obscured his view. 2 piloti pazudui bez vsts, Vismaz 15 bojagjuo Krievijas helikoptera Mi8 katastrof Turuhanskas rajon, Krasnojarskas apgabal, W katastrofie Boeinga 737-200 nalecego do TAAG Angola Airlines w pnocnej Angoli zgino 5 spord 78 osb na pokadzie. When Lhrer reported the plane reaching 100 feet above MDA, the CVR records Lutz asking Lhrer, "Do we have ground contact? If you can't make the recordings, you can support us by donating. WebIt carries 28 passengers and 5 crew members, which include Hans Ulrich Lutz, a 57 year old Captain, and Stefan Loehrer, a 25 year old First Officer. The aircraft involved in the accident had a ground proximity warning system derived from the original model that entered service in the 1970s, and it was unable to predict the impending crash. Hans-Ulrich The crash also could have been prevented with a Minimum Safe Altitude Warning System, or MSAW. Captain Crash: Hans Ulrich Lutz (the pilot of Crossair Flight 3597) was almost this in real-life, to the point where he once wrecked a plane by retracting the landing gear on the runway. Other Crossair crews confirmed that while approaching Lugano, it was common practice to descend below the MDA if they were able to see the lake but not the runway. However, Flight 3597 was behind schedule and would not reach Zrich until after 22:00 CET, necessitating a change to its landing plan. St. Maarten's injuries were classified as "severe". Assisting the captain was 25-year-old First Officer Stefan Lhrer, who was fresh out of training with just 500 hours under his belt. Although both pilots were based in Zurich and the CVR picks up Lutz's query to Loehrer about Loehrer's familiarity with "the 28 approach", which Loehrer confirmed he had, Lutz put the plane into an overly-steep descent that brought flight 3597 to MDA far too soon. A curiosity was that Captain Lutz had just recently started to fly the RJ100, which meant that the first officer had more experience flying the type. This GPWS worked by measuring the closure rate with the ground directly below the aircraft; it therefore could not warn of high terrain further along the flight path, and it never sounded a warning. A more experienced controller might have allowed the flight to land on runway 14 because of the poor weather conditions. Several of those who survived also suffered serious injuries, including Passion Fruit singer Debby St. Maarten, who still required weekly medical care more than a decade after the crash effectively ending her music career. WebHans-Ulrich Rudel (19161982), German ground-attack pilot during World War II. This page was last edited on 16 March 2023, at 09:59. The crash was the second for Crossair in less than two years, and the people of Switzerland were beginning to ask questions. Of particular note in this case was the Avro RJ100, a distinctive four-engine, high-wing regional jet produced by Avro International Aerospace, a wholly owned subsidiary of British Aerospace. An inexperienced air traffic controller was alone in the control tower. With our newsletters you get the top stories to your inbox. Tragically, he was wrong. The German pop group Passion Fruit was aboard flight 3597; singers Nathaly(ie) van het Ende and Maria Serrano Serrano, who joined the 27 Club were killed, while singer Debby St. Maarten and the band's manager survived with injuries. He also failed two MD-80 proficiency checkrides which prevented him from upgrading. WebHans Ulrich Lutz has been listed as a noteworthy biochemist, researcher by Marquis Who's Who. At that time, Swissair was grounded exactly one month before the crash. On the 24th of November 2001, a regional jet flying for Swiss carrier Crossair slammed into a hillside near Zrich, Switzerland while on final approach. [4], While Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competence soon came under close scrutiny by investigators from the Swiss Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB). Consequently, he continued through the MDA and crashed into a hill. In fact, if flight 3597 had maintained the MDA up to the point where the runway became visible, they would have had to perform their final descent at an angle greater than 6 degrees, much steeper than is considered safe. The pair were accompanied by three flight attendants and 28 passengers for the short hop down to Zurich. Two thousand, First Officer Lhrer said, calling out their altitude. What possessed Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz when he decided that he could get away with it when so many pilots before him died trying? Your web browser is outdated. Please use a modern web browser for a better experience. WebAlfred Schulze-Hinrichs (6 November 1899 23 June 1972) was a Kapitn zur See with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross . One can only conclude that Lutz didnt know about the countless fatal crashes that had occurred because pilots made the exact same decision that he did. Lhrer, in contrast, was inexperienced, with just 490 total flight hours. Twenty-four people were killed, while nine managed to escape with their lives. In 1961, at the age of 17, he failed his very first entry exam to begin flight training. When Loehrer reported the plane reaching 100 feet above MDA, the CVR records Lutz asking Loehrer, "Do we have ground contact?" Upon approaching Zurich at 20:58:50 UTC, Crossair Flight 3597 received clearance from air traffic controller to land on runway 28 in poor visibility conditions due to low clouds instead of runway 14. 1 Dec 1939 : Offiziersanwrter: 1 Nov 1940 : Because of their excessive rate of descent they had reached the MDA earlier in the approach than Lutz had anticipated, and he did not check his DME to confirm how far out they actually were. A series of accidents and incidents had occurred during Lutz's career as a training captain with Crossair, including multiple failures to upgrade his flight certifications to higher-complexity aircraft such as the MD-80 due to insufficient comprehension of computerized navigational systems. Ranks. First Officer Lhrer might not have been doing much better: his wife told investigators that he had felt exhausted and stressed the previous evening, after coming home from a long work day in which he spent 10 hours in the air. prior to that he nearly crashed into lake, got lost in Italy, and destroyed a Saab 340 by retracting its gear on the ground This was a VOR/DME approach, meaning that the navigational aids would help them align with the runway, but they would be personally responsible for ensuring that they were at certain altitudes at certain distances from the airport. In this particular incident, Lutz missed his approach into Sion and circled over what he thought was Sion's airport for several minutes before passengers spotted road signs in Italian; the navigational error had taken them over the Great St Bernard Pass, and the airport they had been circling was in fact Aosta Valley Airport in Italy. Upon approaching Zurich at 20:58:50 UTC, Crossair Flight 3597 received clearance from air traffic controller to land on runway 28 in poor visibility conditions due to low clouds instead of runway 14. Journalist - Mark is an experienced travel journalist having published work in the industry for more than seven years. WebCaptain Hans Ulrich Lutz and First Officer Stefan Loehrer were the cockpit crew of Crossair Flight 3597 that night on 24thNovember 2001. Lutz was an extremely experienced pilot with more than 19,500 flight hours approximately 19,300 of which were as pilot in command. WebThe captain (Hans Ulrich Lutz) has a list of incidents prior to flight 3597: 1990 - Accidentally retracts landing gear and writes off Saab 340 (HB-AHA) 1995 - Came within 300 ft of a lake while conducting a night approach to Lugano Airport, Switzerland 1999 - Flew 50 miles the wrong way on a sightseeing flight (HB-AKI, CRX4718) The nine survivors, two of whom are said to be in critical condition in hospital, have not yet been identified.Five Swiss nationals were among the victims, three of whom were members of the crew. A confirmation e-mail has been sent to your address. Due to increased azimuth error associated with the use of VORs and lack of vertical guidance (glide slope), the MDA is therefore often higher than a DA (Decision Altitude) for an ILS. WebExperienced pilot One of the two pilots, who were both killed in the crash, was an experienced pilot with a record of more than 19,000 flying hours. Crossair Flight LX 3597 was a scheduled flight from Berlin Tegel Airport, in Germany, to Zurich Airport, in Switzerland. (How Swiss residents felt about this must not have been given as much thought.) Even after everything came together to send flight 3597 on a collision course with the hill, the accident could have been prevented had the latest technology been available. Loehrer, in contrast, was inexperienced with just 490 total flight hours. They managed to get away with this because the final approach ran over Lake Lugano, which (being perfectly flat) did not present any obstacles that would pose a hazard to low-flying planes. The accident came as a shock for Switzerland: this was the third major tragedy to befall the small country in the past several months, coming shortly after 15 people were killed in a terrorist shooting and 11 died in a major accident inside the Gotthard road tunnel. This airport was not Sion, but Aosta, across the border in Italy. Just days before the crash, a report by the International Civil Aviation Organization sharply criticized the FOCA, noting that it employed only six full-time inspectors and took part in so little oversight activity that it was effectively useless. It was into this hill that Flight 3597 eventually crashed. Why Switzerland needs workers from abroad, SWI swissinfo.ch certified by the Journalism Trust Initiative. In this particular incident, Lutz missed his approach into Sion and circled over what he thought was Sion's airport for several minutes before passengers spotted road signs in Italian; the navigation error had taken them over the St. Bernard Pass through the Alps, and the airport they had been circling was in fact located near Aosta, Italy. This mistake was not in itself consequential, except in that it led Lutz to underestimate the remaining distance to the runway. Exactly 21 years ago today, on November 24, 2001, Crossair Flight 3597 crashed into a hill near Zurich, Switzerland killing 24 of the 33 people onboard. In command of the flight was 57-year-old Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz, a veteran pilot with nearly 20,000 flight hours and a 22-year career at Crossair. While Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competency would come under close scrutiny during the course of the investigation, which concluded that the accident was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) caused by a series of pilot errors and navigation mistakes that led the plane off-course. WebCaptain Hans Ulrich Lutz and First Officer Stefan Loehrer were the cockpit crew of Crossair Flight 3597 that night on 24thNovember 2001. It was the oldest mistake in the book: descending below the MDA without visual reference to the runway, blinded by a reckless faith that nothing would stand in the way. Upon arrival in Zrich airspace, about an hour after takeoff, the pilots were cleared for an instrument landing system (ILS) approach to runway 14, but were switched to a VOR/DME (VHF Omnidirectional Range/Distance Measuring Equipment) approach to runway 28 due to a noise abatement statute after 10:00 p.m. WebHans Ulrich Lutz Red cell (RBC) deformability and membrane-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) were studied to better understand premature clearance of erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis. Upon reaching MDA of 2,400 feet (730m), Lutz declared that he had "ground contact" and would continue on, then deliberately descended the plane below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without having the required visual contact with either the approach lights or the runway, a major piloting error that ultimately led directly to the crash. Lutz exclaimed, "Shit, two miles he said, he sees the runway!" Because flight 3597 was on track to land shortly after 10:00, they just missed the cutoff to avoid having to use runway 28. Children: Boris, Roland. Some rules get bent and hardly anything ever happens. [2]:12. Among the passengers killed in the crash were Melanie Thornton, the former American lead singer of the German Euro-Dance duo La Bouche, and singers Nathaly van het Ende and Maria Serrano Serrano of the German Euro-Dance trio Passion Fruit; the group's third singer, Debby St. Maarten survived with major injuries. The result of this lack of enforcement was that pilots started making up their own informal procedures rather than following the published guidelines. Crossair was expanding rapidly and always had a tight budget; its salaries were poor and it struggled to find enough qualified pilots. The final report of the AAIB states that other factors also contributed to the accident: The hourlong Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Mayday featured the crash in a Season 10 episode titled Cockpit Failure.[6]. Two four, the minimum, said Lutz. The cockpit voice recording begins some 35 minutes later, just in time to catch Captain Lutz giving First Officer Lhrer a long (and totally unnecessary) lecture about how to interpret a runway report. It was a flight destined to Zurich Airport from Berlin Tegel Airport. As they descended, the lights of a village briefly became visible through the clouds, prompting Captain Lutz to comment that he had ground contact. Shortly afterward, at 10:04, another Crossair flight ahead of them reported that they had landed successfully, but that the weather conditions were near the minimums and they only saw the runway from 2.2 nm (4km) out. The report also noted that Captain Lutz had failed to follow correct landing and navigation procedures on previous flights. "We want to act quickly and unbureaucratically," he said.The payment is supposed to cover immediate expenses such as recovery efforts, repatriation and funeral costs.Crossair will make further payments to victims' families and survivors in the coming weeks.The amounts will depend on the actual damage suffered by each passenger. Little did he know it was already too late. And if he did know, then what was he thinking? At the time of the accident, Lutz had been flying for 13 hours, only part of which was with Crossair, and his rest breaks were almost always too short because he would invariably spend part of his designated rest time working at the flight school. The episode is entitled "Cockpit Failure". It was a flight destined to Zurich Airport from Berlin Tegel Airport. In order to accomplish this maneuver, Lutz had gone so far as to deactivate the ground proximity warning system and the overspeed warning to prevent them from going off during his insane plunge toward the lake. A password reset e-mail has been sent to your address. Runway 28 at Zrich airport was fitted with an instrument landing system and an MSAW system. Peering through the fog, Captain Lutz said, Someone said he saw the runway late here approaching minimum descent altitude here weve got some ground contact. Ten seconds later, they reached the MDA of 2,390 feet. Following this incident, he was removed from his position as flight instructor for the Saab 340 but continued flying for Crossair. If you want to start a conversation about a topic raised in this article or want to report factual errors, email us at english@swissinfo.ch. Assisting the captain was 25-year-old First Officer Stefan Lhrer, who was fresh out of training with just 500 hours under his belt. [failed verification] This course deviation caused the plane to crash into a hilltop, 4.05 kilometres (2.52mi; 2.19nmi) short of and 150 metres (490ft) north of its assigned landing strip, runway 28. WebThe captain (Hans Ulrich Lutz) has a list of incidents prior to flight 3597: 1990 - Accidentally retracts landing gear and writes off Saab 340 (HB-AHA) 1995 - Came within 300 ft of a lake while conducting a night approach to Lugano Airport, Switzerland 1999 - Flew 50 miles the wrong way on a sightseeing flight (HB-AKI, CRX4718) Fixated on finding the runway, they lost track of what their plane was doing until just second before the crash. Let us know what topics you would like to discuss with fellow SWI readers. Just dont do it! The accident aircraft, a British-made Avro 146-RJ100, registration HB-IXM, was manufactured in 1996 and logged more than 13,000 hours and 11,500 cycles in total before the crash. This report would play a critical role in the events to follow. In command of the flight was 57-year-old Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz, a veteran pilot with nearly 20,000 flight hours and a 22-year career at Crossair. Despite the hilly terrain surrounding it, the approach to runway 28 was not equipped with a Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) system, which triggers an alarm if a minimum safe altitude is violated. [2] Even though Lutz finally realized that his inability to see the runway meant he needed to initiate a missed approach maneuver (called a "go-around"), his call for the go-around came too late; the plane's engines were not able to spool up fast enough to generate sufficient thrust to climb above the hill that had been obstructing his view, and the plane crashed into the hilltop at 22:06 CET. Joining them that night were three flight attendants and 28 passengers, well short of what they were expecting: a group of 21 tourists who had been booked on the flight never showed up, leaving the 97-seat plane more than two thirds empty. In another case in 1995, a Crossair first officer reported that while on approach to Lugano in nighttime instrument conditions, Lutz initiated a blistering descent of 4,000 feet per minute, which he maintained clear through the MDA before leveling off when he caught sight of Lake Lugano at a height of 300 feet above the ground. Since the overhaul, Swiss International Airlines hasnt had another major accident. This time, nope, it was just the shitty pilot. These included a near-miss incident on final approach to Lugano Airport where Lutz came within 300 feet (91m) of colliding with the shore of a lake during his final descent and a navigational error during a sightseeing tour over the Alps that took the flight far off its course to Sion, Switzerland. He ended up in Italy, and was only made aware of this after circling the airport for several minutes, when Ranks. Upon hearing of the change, Captain Lutz clearly became frustrated. In just a few seconds, it was all over: the plane crashed to earth in a forest and ground to an abrupt halt, sending a wall of fire tearing through the mangled wreckage. A lack of oversight from the federal government allowed Crossair to develop this unsafe culture. Ms visi esam niecga sastvdaa cilvces vstur, kuru aicinm rakstt kop! The range of hills the plane crashed into was not marked in the Jeppesen approach chart used by the crew. Without a substantial increase in the number of adequately trained inspectors, ICAO wrote, the industry may become essentially self-regulating. The behavior of employees at all levels of Crossair, from pilots all the way to management, showed that this was already occurring. Instead of configuring the plane prior to beginning the final approach, the pilots delayed these steps until after they were already beginning their final descent to the MDA, which meant they would need to constantly modify their descent rate in order to stay on the glide path. Lutz was able to see the lights of villages below the plane, but he was much too far from the airport to see the runway lights, given the conditions. WebIt carries 28 passengers and 5 crew members, which include Hans Ulrich Lutz, a 57 year old Captain, and Stefan Loehrer, a 25 year old First Officer. At 9:58, flight 3597 received clearance to approach runway 28, and the pilots began to turn in toward the runway. "I want to emphasise that this was a pilot with lots of flight experience. WebThe captain (Hans Ulrich Lutz) has a list of incidents prior to flight 3597: 1990 - Accidentally retracts landing gear and writes off Saab 340 (HB-AHA) 1995 - Came within 300 ft of a lake while conducting a night approach to Lugano Airport, Switzerland 1999 - Flew 50 miles the wrong way on a sightseeing flight (HB-AKI, CRX4718) Then came the purely political runway assignment, the lack of safety equipment, the fatigue, the lousy weather, the slowly escalating series of missteps and errors. Really, how hard can it be? While Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competency would come under close scrutiny during the course of the investigation, which concluded that the accident was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) caused by a series of pilot errors and navigation mistakes that led the plane off-course. Born : 22 Aug 1922: Berlin-Treptow: Died : 27 Dec 1950 (28) Moscow, Russia: If you can help with photo or any information on this Officer please contact us at gummi@uboat.net. Hans Ulrich Lutz, Swiss aviator with the Crossair airline, worked as a pilot-in-command and a training pilot, even though his competences were somewhat slim: flying a Saab 340, he failed an upgrade exam to MD-80 eight consecutive times; he crashed an aircraft while sitting on the tarmac (he tried to retract the gear to show the student . (Curiously, however, Lutz had switched to the RJ100 so recently that Lhrer actually had more hours on type than he did.) Please click the link in the e-mail to activate your account. Your data is used to pre-fill some form fields. Could he have struggled to keep track his speed, descent rate, and distance from the runway due to fatigue? Lutz was probably moonlighting as a flight instructor not because he loved teaching, but because Crossair didnt pay him enough to get by. Born : 22 Aug 1922: Berlin-Treptow: Died : 27 Dec 1950 (28) Moscow, Russia: If you can help with photo or any information on this Officer please contact us at gummi@uboat.net. And even if he did know it was there, his misunderstanding about their distance from the runway might have caused him to believe that they had already passed it. On Monday Zurich police released a list of the names of the 24 people killed. Unbeknownst to the pilots, Germany and Switzerland had recently agreed to a noise abatement policy that prohibited flights from landing on Runway 14 after 22:00. Tree trunks ripped through the right wing, causing the engines to fail; the fuel tank burst and a stream of fuel erupted into a great jet of fire as the plane surged out the other side of the forest. These were the only major incidents that were known to Crossair, but interviews with other Crossair pilots revealed several more. Okay.. Crossair Flight 3597 was a 410-mile-long flight from Berlin Tegel Airport (TXL) in Germany to Zurich Airport (ZRH) in Switzerland. He ended up in Italy, and was only made aware of this after circling the airport for several minutes, when The Avro RJ100 was a high-winged four-engine jet derived from the BAe 146, an aircraft designed to take off and land from short runways. However, flight simulators programmed with the time of day, terrain, and weather Lutz was facing at that time allowed investigators to determine that the only ground Lutz or Lhrer could see was the ground of the hilly terrain over which the plane was flying. Could Captain Lutz have decided to descend below the MDA on approach to Zrich in an attempt to emulate his technique from the approach to Lugano? This was a violation of the most basic rule of flying any approach: dont descend below the MDA if you cant see the runway. But the system which allowed him to make such a confounding decision was rotten to the core: if there was one thing the accident revealed, it was that flying in Switzerland wasnt safe. Loehrer hesitated before replying "Yes". Begin flight training ground-attack pilot during World War II 14 because of the names of names. Two miles he said, he was removed from his position as flight instructor not because loved... Having to use runway 28 at Zrich Airport was fitted with an instrument system. Necessitating a change to its landing plan after circling the Airport for minutes. He decided that he could get away with it when so many pilots him. The top stories to your inbox probably moonlighting as a noteworthy biochemist, by! 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