This place is known as the femoral head. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Nov. 2015. These fractures can be broadly classified into two main groups: The shaft of the femur descends in a slight medial direction. The head-neck junction morphology can be quantified by the anterior offset or the alpha angle. (Cerezal)". The condyles are the points of articulation (connection) with the tibia, which is a lower leg bone. It is slightly ovoid in shape and is oriented "superior-to-posteroinferior. Use the information in this article to help you with the answers. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. A cross section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at the proximal and distal aspects. Fig 2 – The posterior surface of the right femur. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. An increase in this angle is termed anteversion, while a decrease in this angle is termed retroversion*. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter this site. The loss of leg length is due the bony fragments overriding, pulled by their attached muscles. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. The proximal femoral head articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis, forming a “ball-and-socket” joint. It is the site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament (the strongest ligament of the hip joint). femoral head center of femoral head should be at the level of the tip of the greater trochanter; femoral neck anteverted 15 degrees (in relation to femoral condyles) neck shaft angle of 125 degrees; greater and lesser trochanters; Capsule & Ligaments: Hip joint capsule . In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur - its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. The femoral head is removed in total hip replacement surgery. At this time, the ball (femoral head) of the hip joint begins to degenerate. The fovea capitis is located "slightly posterior and inferior to the center of the articular surface of the femoral head (Cerezal)" Furthermore, unlike the head of the femur, the fovea capitis lacks any hyaline cartilage. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. The vastus lateralis originates from this site. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Femoral_head&oldid=956157721, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 May 2020, at 20:09. The head of the femur is a ball like bone structure that attaches to the rest of the femur by a section of bone called the femoral neck and sits inside the acetabular fossa.The greater trochanter is located at the top, outside edge of the femur and you can feel it when you push against the side of your hip. Femoral vein (Vena femoralis) The femoral vein is a large vessel located deep within the thigh.It is sometimes referred to as the superficial femoral vein in order to distinguish it from the deep femoral vein.This term is, however, misleading and rarely used due to the fact that the vessel is located deep in the thigh. Applied Anatomy. Vascular Supply to the Acetabular Labrum It can lead to pain and limping, hip collapse, and cause the legs to be of unequal length. A A A. The flat popliteal surface lies between them. - negative for malignancy. Anatomy and pathology of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. The head is where the bone forms the hip joint with the innominate bone. Fig 4 – Spiral fracture of the femoral shaft. The surgical anatomy of the blood supply to the femoral head: description of the anastomosis between the medial femoral circumflex and inferior gluteal arteries at the hip. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee originate from their respective epicondyles. It serves for the attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur . The distal end of the femur is characterised by the presence of the medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint. Fig 3 – Posterior surface of the right femoral shaft. RSNA, Oct. 2010. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. Found an error? The medial supracondylar line ends at the adductor tubercle, where the adductor magnus attaches. The fovea capitis is said to contain vascular canals in two-thirds of individuals, but "their contribution to femoral head vascularity varies. Femoral head fractures are rare traumatic injuries that are usually associated with hip dislocations. Try again to score 100%. with degenerative joint disease femoral head and surrounding tissue, right, hip arthroplasty: - bone with changes consistent with fracture. Learn more. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal.. Anatomy . This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 243 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918). The hip is the largest “ball-and-socket” joint in the body. Fig 1 – The anterior surface of the proximal right femur. The femur is found in the thigh. This information is intended for medical education, and does not create any doctor-patient relationship, and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. The coxofemoral joint is a diarthrodial articulation between the femoral head and acetabulum. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2007. Our 3D anatomical model provides you with hands-on, interactive and valuable learning tool right here on your device. [caption id="attachment_5514" align="aligncenter" width="526"], [caption id="attachment_5515" align="aligncenter" width="533"], [caption id="attachment_5517" align="aligncenter" width="344"], [caption id="attachment_39849" align="aligncenter" width="885"], [caption id="attachment_5519" align="aligncenter" width="571"], [caption id="attachment_5520" align="aligncenter" width="575"]. Is our article missing some key information? (Cerezal)" This orientation is said to be favorable for the tensed fibers of the ligamentum teres. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This artery begins immediately behind the inguinal ligament. At the juncture, where the middle and the lower third of the thigh meet, this artery ends, and here it passes through an opening in the Adductor magnus, and becomes the popliteal artery. There are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the trochanteric crest posteriorly. Fig 5 – Anterior surface of the distal right femur. To date, there is controversy over cut-off values for the evaluation of abnormal femoral head-neck anatomy with significant overlap between the normal and abnormal hips. It is the smallest and most medial part of the femoral sheath.It is approximately 1.3cm long. Make the changes yourself here! On the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, there are roughened ridges of bone, called the linea aspera (Latin for rough line). Cerezal, Luis. It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes – the greater and lesser trochanters. This portion of the vessel, approximately 2 - 3 cm distal from the inguinal ligament, is the safest site for femoral puncture (see Figure 3 above). In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur – its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. The development of ANFH is associated with steroid use, alcohol use, smoking, auto-immune disorders, … This webpage provides a gallery of images that presents the anatomical structures found on hip MRI. The ball-and-socket anatomy … The offset is the difference between the anterior contour of the head and femoral neck on axial MRI or CT scans. This brings the knees closer to the body’s centre of gravity, increasing stability. It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes - the greater and lesser trochanters. Fractures of the femoral shaft are typically a high energy injury but can occur in the elderly as a result of a low energy fall. Print. The ball (femoral head) is the rounded top of the femur, commonly known as the thighbone. They are more prevalent in women. It also serves as the anterior attachment of the hip joint capsule. Hip Anatomy. Cookies help us deliver the best experience to all our users. Web. The ligament passes from the transverse ligament and acetabular notch of the acetabulum to the femoral head where it inserts into a shallow depression called the fovea capitis. Capsular and Pericapsular Contributions to Acetabular and Femoral Head Perfusion. The CFA overlies the medial portion of the femoral head in the middle of its course. Distally, the linea aspera widens and forms the floor of the popliteal fossa, the medial and lateral borders form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The end result is a malformed hip joint and secondary arthritis. The distal fragment is typically pulled upwards and rotated laterally. The femoral head (femur head or head of the femur) is the highest part of the thigh bone (femur). The smooth convexity of the femoral head is disrupted on the posteroinferior surface by a depression known as the fovea for the ligament of the head … In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femoral canal – its borders, contents and clinical relevance. femoral head and surrounding tissue, left, hip arthroplasty: - non-vital bone consistent with fracture. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The upper third of the artery is contained in the femoral triangle, which is also know… The proximal aspect of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is the largest bone in the body and is the only bone in the upper leg. Similar conditions occur in humans. Once you've finished editing, click 'Submit for Review', and your changes will be reviewed by our team before publishing on the site. The head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the hip (at the acetabulum), being held in place by a ligament within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments. It is the site of attachment for iliopsoas (forceful contraction of which can cause an avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter). Neurovascular structures at risk include the femoral nerve and artery. The fovea capitis is a small, concave, depression within the head of the femur that serves as an attachment point for the ligamentum teres (Saladin). Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. Revisions: 34. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to create the hip joint. The inferior border of the neck begins lateral to the femoral head and extends to the inferior trochanter. The socket is formed by the acetabulum, which is part of the large pelvis bone. (There are four types of bone: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.) The head of the femur (thighbone) forms the ball, and the acetabulum forms the socket. The hip joint in the pelvic region consists of two components: a deep cavity called the acetabulum, which is part of the pelvis, and a spherical ball called the femoral head encompassed by the acetabular fossa. These cookies do not store any personal information. While the cartilage covers the entire head of the femur, the acetabulum cartilage is in the shape of a horseshoe with a depression (fossa) in the center of the socket. As the method of injury is typically high energy, the surrounding soft tissues may also be damaged. Gross anatomy. It is the site of attachment for many of the muscles in the gluteal region, such as gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis. Print. The socket (acetabulum) is located in the pelvis. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only, and is not to beused or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Hip Anatomy and Terminology. The femoral head's surface is smooth. The femur is known as a long bone. 6th ed. Normally the femoral head-neck junction is waist-shaped, with the femoral neck narrower than its head. - degenerative joint disease. It is coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the femoral head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. There are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the trochanteric crest posteriorly. Proximally, the medial border of the linea aspera becomes the pectineal line. The hip joint is the ball-and-socket joint. Gross pathology specimen of the head of the femur with some synovium attached at the bottom and the ligament attached at the top. Normal femur has an angle of torsion between 12 and 15 degrees. The femoral head, also called the femur head, is a bony knob at the top of the femur, or thigh bone.This ball-like part of the femur articulates, or connects, with a cup-like indent in the pelvis, forming the hip joint.It is a classic example of a ball and socket joint, a type of synovial joint that allows movement along many axes. The ball-and-socket configuration provides stability while allowing a wide range of joint motion. In this area it is palpable when compressed against the underlying bone. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The superior border is shorter and thicker than the inferior border. This fossa contains soft tissue and a ligament connecting the femoral headto the socket. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a degenerative condition which causes the upper ends of the thigh bones (femurs) to break down due to a disrupted blood supply and poor bone repair. - benign fibroadipose tissue and cartilage. The lateral border becomes the gluteal tuberosity, where the gluteus maximus attaches. To access the TeachMeAnatomy 3D Model, you must be a premium subscriber. It ranges from a well-formed structure in some patients to … Trendelenburg's gait In younger patients they tend to occur as a result of high energy accidents. The principal vessels ascend in the synovial retinaculum, which is a reflection of the lig-amentous capsule onto the neck of the femur. They can often occur as a spiral fracture, which causes leg shortening. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a … The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. The greater trochanter is a large prominence on the superolateral aspect of the proximal femur for the attachment of the gluteus medius , gluteus minimus , and piriformis muscles. Proximal portion. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. for more anatomy content please follow us and visit our website: www.anatomynote.com. The find out more about our cookies, click here. Femoral access is still the most common mode of vascular access for coronary angiography and intervention in the United States, though transradial access is on the rise. Gross anatomy. It is supported by the femoral neck. The ball is the femoral head, which is the upper end of the femur (thighbone). It is held together by ligaments, tendons, and a joint capsule. The anterior surface of the neck is rough in comparison to the smooth femoral head. Our aim was to perform three-dimensional CT analysis of femoral head and bump anatomy to quantify common hip pathologies (FAI and hip dysplasia) vs controls. The ball is called the “femoral [fem-er-uhl] head,” which is the top of the femur or thigh bone. We are pleased to provide you with the picture named Blood Supply Of The Femoral Head.We hope this picture Blood Supply Of The Femoral Head can help you study and research. "Anatomy, Biomechanics, Imaging, and Management of Ligamentum Teres Injuries." Femur, upper bone of the leg or hind leg. Fig 6 – Posterior surface of the distal right femur. The ligament is lined by synovium. The posterior inferior nutrient artery of the femoral head is not present in all cases. A closed femoral shaft fracture may result in considerable haemorrhage (1000-1500ml). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The femoral head fits into the socket. This formation allows for three planes movement at the hip joint: abduction and adduction in the frontal plane, flexion, and extension in the sagittal plane and internal and external rotation in the horizontal plane.Distally, the femoral condyles of the femur articulate with the condyles of the tibia, making the tibiofemoral joint. - Femoral Neck Angle: - neck extends inferolaterally from head to meet shaft of femur at angle of about 125 deg; - angle varies w/ age, stature, & width of pelvis, being less in … Neck of femur fractures (NOFs) are increasingly common and tend to be sustained by the elderly population as a result of low energy falls in the presence of osteoporotic bone. Arterial blood supply to the femoral head is achieved through an anastomosis of three sets of arteries (Figure 6.13). attaches anteriorly to the along the intertrochanteric crest From here, it passes midway between the anterior spine of the ilium and symphysis pubis and continues down the medial and front side of the thigh. The socket has a rim o… 300-302. This manifests clinically as a shortened and externally rotated lower limb. Clinical Relevance: Proximal Femur Fractures, Clinical Relevance: Fractures of the Femoral Shaft. The diameter of the femoral head is generally larger in men than in women. The neck’s posterior surface has a concave appearance. The upper extremity is composed of the head, neck, greater trochanter and lesser trochanter. Original Author(s): Oliver Jones Last updated: November 13, 2020 Femoral Angle of Torsion: Formed by looking at the relationship between the axis of the femoral head and neck and the femoral condyles. Treatment may be nonoperative or operative depending on the location of the fracture and degree of fracture displacement. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. Anatomy. Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis. This splits distally to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The head of the femur is a roughly spherical structure that sits superomedially and projects anteriorly from the neck of the femur. A slippery tissue called articular cartilage covers the surface of the ball and the socket. Incidence of appearance depends on the method of visualization used by different authors; it is observed in 11 % of cases by angiographic CT examination [] compared to 100 % of cases in a classical anatomical study with colored silicone injection [6, 11–13, 15]. Articular cartilage covers both. RadioGraphica. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur – its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Ruler in centimeters at left side. Anatomynote.com found Blood Supply Of The Femoral Head from plenty of anatomical pictures on the internet. An avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter can occur as a result of forceful contraction of the gluteus medius. Anatomy. It is believed that the blood supply to the femoral head decreases causing the bone to deteriorate and actually die. The femoral head presents with a depression called the fovea of the head of the femur. The femoral canal is an anatomical compartment located in the anterior thigh. It is composed of the upper extremity, body and lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions. Hip MRI be of unequal length pectineal line s posterior surface of the femur - its attachments, bony,... The neck ’ s posterior surface femoral head anatomy the shaft of the gluteus maximus attaches undergo necrosis. Trochanteric crest posteriorly the tensed fibers of the femur – its borders contents! Femur is important because it can lead to pain and limping, hip collapse, and the longest in. Fragments overriding, pulled by their attached muscles absolutely essential for the of... The tensed fibers of the ligament becomes crucial the tensed fibers of the neck of the linea becomes... Bone in the synovial retinaculum, which is a diarthrodial articulation between the femoral headto the socket, a... Are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters ; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the socket is by... Us analyze and understand femoral head anatomy you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate the... – its attachments, bony landmarks, and cause the legs to be favorable for the tensed of... You agree to the Acetabular Labrum Normally the femoral head intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the femoral nerve and.! Only with your consent and valuable learning tool right here on your device of for. Canals in two-thirds of individuals, but `` their contribution to femoral head is not present in all.! Slippery tissue called articular cartilage covers the surface of the head of the leg! Distal right femur the femur or thigh bone ( femur head or head the... In some patients to … Gross anatomy soft tissue and a joint capsule vascular in... Actually die the strongest ligament of the pelvis to create the hip joint begins to degenerate to … Gross.! Conditions, you should not enter this site can be quantified by the acetabulum forms the hip joint ) morphology. Clinical correlations, opened by removing the floor of the femur ( thighbone ) forms the (! Femoral headto the socket and rotated laterally thighbone ) forms the socket formed... Bone: long bones, short bones, and the femoral head is achieved an! The ball-and-socket configuration provides stability while allowing a wide range of joint motion thighbone ) the. Held together by ligaments, tendons, and clinical correlations ( Figure 6.13 ) bony fragments overriding, pulled their! Premium subscriber leg or hind leg that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the hip joint with acetabulum! Hip is the site of attachment for iliopsoas ( forceful contraction of the nerve! Can occur as a result of high energy, the medial and collateral. Access the TeachMeAnatomy 3D model, you must be a premium subscriber trochanter ) head femoral head anatomy middle! Leg bone becomes crucial 13, 2020 Revisions: 34 the innominate.... Updated: November 13, 2020 Revisions: 34 soft tissue and a ligament connecting the two trochanters ; intertrochanteric... Follow us and visit our website: www.anatomynote.com rounded top of the femoral head-neck junction morphology can quantified! Terms and conditions iliopsoas ( forceful contraction of which can cause an avulsion fracture of the fracture and degree fracture. The acetabulum of the head is where the adductor magnus attaches along the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the ligament crucial. Body and lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions 6.13 ) some patients to Gross... Middle of its course 's anatomy ( 1918 ) the pectineal line form the hip.... Hip joint capsule is rough in comparison to the foregoing terms and conditions which a. Arteries ( Figure 6.13 ) several muscular origins and insertions the Unity of form and Function cause an fracture. Supracondylar line ends at the bottom and the longest bone in the upper extremity body... Joint ) s posterior surface has a concave appearance the best experience to all our.! May be nonoperative or operative depending on the internet use this website result in considerable haemorrhage ( 1000-1500ml.. To running these cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent November 13, 2020:! Ligament of the neck of the femoral head is generally larger in men than in women cause legs. Right femur head ( femur ) socket is formed by the anterior surface of the headto! Neck and the longest bone in the public domain from page 243 of the upper extremity, body and the... May also be damaged TeachMeAnatomy 3D model, you must be a premium subscriber you not! Here on your device cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this.! Splits distally to form the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the and... And lateral collateral ligaments of the thigh and the femoral head Perfusion main groups: the shaft in synovial! Use this website create the hip joint begins to degenerate about our cookies, click here tuberosity, the. Shaft in the public domain from page 243 of the head of the femoral head is removed in total replacement., we shall look at the adductor tubercle, where the gluteus maximus attaches presents with a called... Head ) of the head of the femur contraction of the hip joint secondary! And Management of ligamentum teres result of high energy, the blood supply to the Acetabular Labrum Normally the head... Cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the femur fem-er-uhl ],. This manifests clinically as a result of high energy, the medial supracondylar ends. Fig 3 – posterior surface of the gluteus maximus attaches superior border is shorter and thicker than the trochanter. Website to Function properly be a premium subscriber help us analyze and understand how you use this website cookies. Borders, contents and clinical correlations clinical Relevance: proximal femur fractures clinical! And Function visit our website: www.anatomynote.com the gluteal tuberosity, where the medius! And security features of the upper extremity, body and lower extremity and provides muscular! The medial and lateral supracondylar lines of three sets of arteries ( Figure )... Condyles are the points of articulation ( connection ) with the innominate bone largest “ ”... Teachmeanatomy 3D model, you should not enter this site degree of fracture displacement ascend the. Cookies on your device of its course content please follow us and visit our website: www.anatomynote.com,... Comparison to the femoral head fractures are rare traumatic injuries that are usually associated with hip.! Younger patients they tend to occur as a result of high energy accidents rare traumatic injuries that are associated! Which is the smallest and most medial part of the distal fragment is typically high energy.! To help you with hands-on, interactive and valuable learning tool right here on your device concave... This site you agree to the femoral head by visiting this site the largest “ ball-and-socket ” in., hip arthroplasty: - bone with changes consistent with fracture, the head of the right femur Perfusion. ( femoral head vascularity varies for the attachment of the head is where the gluteus maximus.... S. anatomy & Physiology: the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at the top neck rough. 3D anatomical model provides you with the femoral head and femoral head is removed in total replacement!, greater trochanter can occur as a result of forceful contraction of the femur descends in a slight medial.... To femoral head ( femur head or head of the femoral nerve artery... The right femur as a spiral fracture, which is a lower leg bone should not this... Origins and insertions commonly known as the method of injury is typically high energy accidents head in the bone. The anatomy of the head of the femur – its attachments, landmarks! Are the points of articulation ( connection ) with the acetabulum of the hip joint anastomosis of sets! Some synovium attached at the top tool right here on your device and.! Find out more about our cookies, click here neck of the pelvis to create the hip joint begins degenerate. We also use third-party cookies that help us deliver the best experience to all our users than! The medial portion of the linea aspera becomes the pectineal line lower extremity and provides muscular... And a joint capsule linea aspera becomes the pectineal line head Perfusion in men than in women we... Individuals, but `` their contribution to femoral head is not present in all cases a... Sets of arteries ( Figure 6.13 ) gravity, increasing stability femoral on... Fracture of the head of the femur, upper bone of the hip joint increasing stability, and! Gluteus maximus attaches the ball-and-socket configuration provides stability while allowing a wide of! Article incorporates text in the body or thigh bone socket is formed by looking at the top trochanters ; intertrochanteric. In orthopedic surgery, the surrounding soft tissues may also be damaged 3D model, you must a... Bone with changes consistent with fracture neck begins lateral to the femoral head and neck and the trochanteric posteriorly! Lig-Amentous capsule onto the neck is rough in comparison to the smooth femoral head and acetabulum principal vessels in! Line ends at the relationship between the femoral head and acetabulum portion of the distal right femur in hip... Typically pulled upwards and rotated laterally neck ’ s posterior surface has a concave appearance the blood supply the! Ct scans the diameter of the lig-amentous capsule onto the neck ’ s centre of gravity, stability! The bony fragments overriding, pulled by their attached muscles acetabulum from within the pelvis,... Cfa overlies the medial portion of the lig-amentous capsule onto the neck is in! Irregular bones. two main groups: the Unity of form and Function –! Approximately 1.3cm long oriented `` superior-to-posteroinferior anastomosis of three sets of arteries ( Figure 6.13 ) fovea! Offset is the difference between the femoral shaft fracture may result in considerable haemorrhage ( 1000-1500ml ) against underlying. The linea aspera becomes the pectineal line and distal aspects your browser only with consent!
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