William James. Aside from intellectual ability, they are both into empowering students with moral qualities. field. problems in an interdisciplinary way. Retrieved from http://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0132540746.pdf), Retrieved June15, 2015, from http://www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/realism-in-education-1319851.html, Retrieved June 15, 2015, fromhttp://vickimartinez.com/philosophy_existentialism_martinez.html, Retrieved June 15, 2015, fromhttp://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/PP2.html, Retrieved June 15, 2015, fromhttp://educational-system.blogspot.com/2013/02/implications-of-pragmatism-in.html, I understand you prefer the realist point of view. We will also explore the. Pragmatics encourages the use of practical lessons since they value learners lives. Confucian beliefs within the Han dynasty shaped a government of benevolence that believed social relations and education were necessary for function, while Legalist principles of the Qin dynasty influenced governmental hierarchy and the discouragement of education. Argues that plato's dialogues claim that generalia, which constitute reality, are true, but on the other hand, the same dialogue claims that the soul is true. Heres the different philosophical views Ive come to learn and their positive and negative traits: Personally, it is good to be realistic when it comes to education and learning; however, being a realist does not suffice holistic education. to the The conflict between essentialism and existentialism forms part of a branch of philosophy called 'metaphysics', which Aristotle called 'first philosophy' as it deals with "first causes and principles of things". They emphasize improving our world through experimentation and based on experience because it is the best teacher. http://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0132540746.pdf, http://www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/realism-in-education-1319851.html, The high cognitive level of education that idealists promote., Their concern for safeguarding and promoting cultural learning., Their great concern for morality and character development., Their view of the teacher as a revered person central to the educational process., Their belief in the importance of self-realization., Their stress on the human and personal side of life., Their comprehensive, systematic, and holistic approach., Industrialization and technological advances have taken their toll, developments in science have brought about fundamental challenges to idealistic principles, We live in a very materialist culture, and the renewed vigor of secular realism and other naturalistic philosophies result from the increased emphasis put on the material, the contemporary emphasis on newness as opposed to cultural heritage and lasting values has further eroded traditional idealist positions, the historical decline of the influence of traditional religion in contemporary affairs, It also has often ignored the belief of many people who find its cognitive emphasis narrow and pedantic, and this has further led to the charge that idealism leans toward a narrow, provincial view of life or toward intellectual elitism, susceptible to the charge of shortsightedness with regard to the affective and physical aspects of human nature, An idealist curriculum can be overly intellectual and bookish, and although attending to books is not bad in itself, if we fail to recognize the emotional, physical, and social needs of students, then we are not attending to the complete persons they are and can become, The rise of scientific inquiry opened new avenues for human mind, The interest in language and literature began to waver and people became more and more interested in man and his environment, Tried to close the gap between life and education, Realism admits real feelings and needs of life but neglects imagination and sentiment, Realism focuses on science but ignores art and literature, Realism appears to be skeptic since it does not have faith in the facts of daily life and shatters faith in ideals. Are there elements missing that you would include? John Dewey. (philosophy, not countable) A twentieth-century philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices. Existentialists are vital in influencing humans to deal with the meaningless nature of life. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Teachers who practice existentialism thesis The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. According to existentialists, humans must make their own rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe. Concludes that essentialism tries to give all students the most basic academic knowledge, skills, and character development. The Both philosophies of education are both teacher centered, as opposed to progressivism. To sum it all up, as mentioned above, these philosophical views in education would be a big contributor to holistic learning if they are integrated since each view would complement to what other views lack. 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When approaching the writing of your philosophy of education, we recommend using the following key elements to ensure that your philosophy of education is well thought out and supported, no matter which school of thought it is based upon. Although you do not need to document your responses to each of the questions, they have been provided to help you critical reflect on the information being presented. This questioning technique became known as the Socratic Method and was explored in-depth in chapter one. Existentialism wants education to develop an individual into a complete man by emphasizing their freedom. I will strives to encourage honorable moral character development. That's how I explain my long life. Chapter 4: Foundational Philosophies of Education. Opines that progressivism is the most effective on students because the teachers lessons are student centered. Sign up for our periodic e-mail newsletter, and get news about our collections, new partnerships, information on research, trivia, awards, and more. This method deviates from the basic sit-in-your-seat-and-listen-to-lecture methods that were, and are, prevalent. al., 2011, p. 91). The first one is Judicious Discipline which is a democratic approach. Perennialism and essentialism have similarities. Some ETDs in this collection are restricted to use by the UNT community. dewey suggests a complete reorganization of traditional subject matter. constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our experiences and Opines that learning, learners, and teaching needs to be interactive, that students learn best when their lessons are active, challenging and relevant in their world and that they learn through experience. Loading. To explain in details what the concept of idealism means represents a great difficulty and demands great effort, so I will merely define idealism as a philosophy which reduces all existence to forms of thought, or in Platos case, idea. -aims to examine the effects of modern technology, -did not adequately deal with social theory of institutions such as schools, -too pessimistic by dealing with morbidness of life rather than things that are hopeful and positive. prepares students for citizenship, daily living, and future careers. Idealists stress the importance of learning ideas and concepts. It is also explained as a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the persons existence as a free and responsible agent determining their development through acts of the will[Source]. All Rights Reserved. Pragmatism believes that reality is a process. Think about the elements identified in this section, do you think all of them are essential to include when writing a philosophy of education? Maybe you may find time to also write on other interesting topics too. Students demonstrate their understanding by performing rather than explaining. Similarities between Essentialism and Perennialism Even though various researchers prefer perennialism to essentialism, the two philosophies have numerous similarities. Teaching methods used in pragmatism include: Existentialism is a school of philosophy that focuses on the importance of the individual rather than on external standards (Johnson et. Your challenge is to write at least a one-page, single-spaced philosophy of education paper that summarizes your current philosophy of education. Analyzes how plato's theory of ideas, besides the ideas that are invisible, has another group of objects, similar and equal ones. Pragmatism was influenced by the "scientific revolution" and twentieth-century American philosophers. Based on the information shared, what school of thought(s) do you think influenced prior educational experiences of this student? teaching philosophies we can integrate into our own teaching philosophies. 2012-12-08 00:42:49. they believe that students should never be able to say they can't learn. Descriptive information to help identify this thesis. to explain in details what the concept of conceptlism means represents a great difficulty and requires great effort. Friedrich Nietzcshe stressed the importance of the individuality of each person. its good that you have this kind of blogI learned from this and get informations from your very nice blog. For your philosophy of education shapes your delivery of academic content, but more importantly guides your beliefs when it comes to working with students. We will thus try to specify the domain of pragmatism and of existential philosophy. However, there are downsides to these approaches as they do not suffice what holistic learning and education require. The curriculum is also interdisciplinary. I firmly believe that balance is still key to attain holistic and effective learning which would require to apply the different philosophical views in education. Existentialists believe that our reality is made up of nothing more than our lived experiences, therefore our final realities reside within each of us as individuals. Change is the only thing constant in life. Advises students to use personal experiences to solve a question, and encourages them to try and grasp the concept of the question. What insights might you gain from the student quotes? and Postmodernism. Essentialism is a teacher-centered ideology that claims that there is a basic collection of skills and knowledge that trained people should have. Development of external as well as inner personality of an individual. Teaching methods used in realism include: Pragmatism is a process philosophy that stresses evolving and change rather than being (Johnson et. problem solving projects. At the end of tis section, the following essential questions will be answered: There are four broad schools of thought that reflect the key philosophies of education that we know today. Struggle for existence. Required fields are marked *. Emphasises observation, experimentation, and experience. By focusing on the needs of students, teachers are able to assist and teach students within the classroom ensuring a higher level of student success. What are the consequences of that assumption? Pragmatists place their focus on the idea of change. while I do agree with elements of the philosophy and have seen a few teachers The second set comes from a student and two educators in the field. It will be shown that Boodin's philosophical development ran through various stages, beginning with more or less "orthodox" pragmatism and ending with what he labeled "functional" realism. What responsibilities do I have when using this thesis? Pragmatism focuses on a "changing universe" rather than an unchanging one. Experimental intelligence focuses on a students adaptability in figuring out ways to solve new problems. ideas, they also emphasize on both person expression and clear reasoning. How do you engage students to limit disruptions and time off task? students every day encounters with their peers and teacher impact their learning abilities. Explains perennialism, which teaches students to believe that the truth of centuries ago to be true in today's century. Pragmatist view, which he, for the most part, embraced even though he disliked the label, holds that the truth is simply a claim about reality for which we have evidence and which we can attach our belief to (Noddings 1995, p. 24). Copy. For the religious realist, matter is not important in itself unless it leads to something beyond itself. However, when you break apart the actual word, a much different meaning emerges. Reference Schools of Educational Philosophy, Chapter 9: What are the philosophical foundations of American Education. Opines that everyone is created unique by god and had different learning capabilities and styles. The first set of evidence comes from KSU students. file At its core, it emphasizes an individual is free and responsible for his existence through acts of his own will. It is parallel to pragmatism which does not focus much on free will. Wiki User. Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals. In addition, this system helps to facilitate communication among students. I too believe in the essentialism philosophy of education. Explains social constructivism, which has students think about social problems to create a better society for the future people of the country. Your email address will not be published. His naturalist persuasion led him to view education as growth. Why have you chosen to teach elementary, secondary, or a particular content area? Finally, we will identify essential elements that should be considered when writing your educational philosophy. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Ones philosophy might contain views and values of education, methods of teaching, the purpose of a good education and why one uses certain curriculum. dewey viewed progressive schools as a working model of democracy. All of these beliefs falls under the essentialism philosophy. 646 Words3 Pages. It is important to note that idealism and realism, otherwise known as general or world philosophies, have their roots in the work of the ancient Greek . to follow it. explain first the reasons why I did not pick Realism and Postmodernism before I These skills are foundational not only in their use in the classroom, but its application to non-school related problems. In existentialism, education is an activity which provides an individual to experience success, failure, ugliness, beauty, struggle and pain without exaggerating but honestly . Opines that teaching and learning is both a science and an art, which requires the implementation of already determined rules. Explains that progressivism and epistemology are closed connected because they let students help each other learn new ideas with the information given by the teachers. philosophy combination, I found it difficult to explain why it should be there 9 of your iBook)? Want to create or adapt books like this? To begin with, both of them are based on developing intellectual powers. The goal is the development of the individual and . Educators have been involved with the analysis in the differences of methodologies that effect the development of school curriculum for as long as there have been schools, teachers, students, and parents. When is pragmatism better than existentialism? It tends to focus on the negative side of things. The application of the scientific method also allows individuals to classify things into different groups based on their essential differences. This paper explores the philosophical approach of the Swedish-born thinker John Elof Boodin. Explains that a mathematician will go in the order of geometrical entities, as russel explained in his history of western philosophy. Womack, Vera Student-centered philosophies focus more on . Citations, Rights, Re-Use. the pragmatism theorists believe that the curriculum should be designed in the manner that it address the challenges faced by the society. PRAGMATISM. active. Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish minister and philosopher. Pragmatism is better than existentialism since it focuses on the practical side of things. Existentialism is the attempt to confront and deal with meaninglessnessto not succumb to nihilism or despair: to give up or avoid responsibility[Source]. This also means that the student should have a choice in what they learn and that the curriculum needs to be somewhat flexible. (.pdf), descriptive and downloadable metadata available in other formats, /ark:/67531/metadc70327/metadata.untl.xml, /oai/?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=info:ark/67531/metadc70327, /ark:/67531/metadc70327/metadata.mets.xml, /stats/stats.json?ark=ark:/67531/metadc70327, https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc70327/. basic skills are known as higher order thinking skills. Existentialism is another student-centered philosophy. It also argued that pragmatic education prepares the child for future life very effectively. The main advantage of pragmatism is that it allows us to overcome certain limits of traditional rationalism by including sensory experience and social factors in our understanding of reality[Source]. al. He claims that they aim at the same goals, e.g., a return to lived experience and a rejection of the Cartesian legacy in philosophy. There are five educational philosophies. Hans Lipps compares pragmatism (William James and John Dewey) existentialism (Friedrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard, and Martin Heidegger) in this 1936 article translated from French. Thank you.n8fan.netwww.n8fan.net. The word pragmatism is derived from the Greek word pragma, which means action or affair. From a philosophical point of view, pragmatism is defined as an approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application[Source]. 49. Pragmatists believe that reality is constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our experiences and thoughts to problems. For guidance see teach logic as a discipline in order to be able to reason about physical events and aspects (Cohen, 1999, p. 1). To learn more about the importance of how educators view students, lets watch Rita Pierson. My two strongest philosophies are progressivism and existentialism. (philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences. As a teaching major it is important that I determine which Why or why not? Therefore, goodness is found by trying things out and finding out what works. If so, what are they and why do you feel they are important? Balance is still key to achieve complete and holistic learning. In this chapter, we will explore how traditional philosophies have evolved over time by briefly looking at three key branches of philosophy. They also argue that people can make their sense of meaning and peace since they are born without purpose into a senseless world. UNT Theses and Dissertations I hope you learned a lot from her TedTalk! Image Courtesy: "Charles Sanders Peirce theb3558" (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia. According to this doctrine, ideas make up fundamental reality and are even seen as being the only true reality. Idealist promote critical I feel that if a teacher is an expert in their field that they are I agree with this philosophy because I believe that intellectual self-discipline should be encouraged within the classroom, all students have the ability to learn regardless of their needs, and teachers should concentrate on teaching basic skills. Introduction Character development that existentialist hope that their students would intutition. Explains plato's "theory of ideas" as observation, contemplation of the first causes of all things. Denton, Texas. Explains that aristotle, a student of plato, developed the basis for the philosophy known as realism. Pragmatism resorts to practical experience that it contrasts with the outrageousness of the traditional conception of truth; existential philosophy, in its desire for intellectual honesty, makes its appeal to the earnestness of the individual. image files By the end of this section, the following essential questions will be answered. (48) Thomas Jefferson is one of the more known realists. Derived from the Greek philos, which means love, and sophos, which means wisdom, the actual meaning of the word philosophy is love of wisdom (Johnson et. Why? The disadvantages of pragmatism are difficulties of not accepting truth to be permanent[Source]. Hans Lipps compares pragmatism (William James and John Dewey) existentialism (Friedrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard, and Martin Heidegger) in this 1936 article translated from French. thus, it should be problem centred. Your email address will not be published. Opines that one's philosophy might contain views and values of education, methods of teaching, the purpose of a good education and why one uses certain curriculum. Questions that probe reasons and evidence, Questions about viewpoints and perspectives, Questions that probe implications and consequences. Existentialists place their focus on the ideas of existence and essence. 179). The distinction between the two can be simplified to various sets of irreconcilable dichotomies: systematicity vs. individuality, rational necessity vs. freedom, and so on. Opines that they are not a straight idealist, existentialist or pragmatist. (48) and The opposite of the freedom of existentialism is the idealistic philosophy. 2 of your iBook)? According to Alan Sadovick, the author of our textbook, a philosophy of education is "firmly rooted in practice, whereas philosophy, as a discipline, stands on its own with no specific end in mind" (Sadovnik, 2013, pg. thoughts to problems. Explains that the soul learns of reality by reflecting itself. Always keep your smile. For partners and peer institutions seeking information about standards, project requests, and our services. (2011). to my philosophy combination post modernism is because I did not agree with the Explain major world views of philosophies: idealism, realism, and pragmatism; and 2. individual rather than on external standards (Johnson et. There's noticeably a bundle to find out about this. . Explains existentialism, idealistic philosophy, pragmatism, and realism are the four ruling philosophies on how a school should function. Explains that reason herself attains by the power of dialectic. 2. Unrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic. 1 of your iBook)? Why do you say so? the greater degree of illusion is a picture of that individual man. believes that life is ever-changing dynamic and always developing. thinking , they focus on reading and writing to evoke creative and inventive Explains that every teacher has their own belief in a certain type of philosophy because not everyone is the same. Who were the key philosophers within each school of philosophy? All teachers and prospective teachers have 1866 Words 8 Pages Good Essays Changes During The Progressive Era Existentialism is the philosophy that the student decides how and what they will learn, they also decide what they think to be true and false. They believe in reasoning, but question the use of scientific method and sense perception. (Four Philosophies, para 2). Rather than emotions or ideals thinker John Elof Boodin is not important in itself it. For citizenship, daily living, and our services straight idealist, existentialist or pragmatist it tends focus... According to this doctrine, ideas make up fundamental reality and are, prevalent as being the only reality... Peers and teacher impact their learning abilities of not accepting truth to be true in today 's century of... Have numerous similarities, goodness is found by trying things out and finding out what works, is. Manner that it address the challenges faced by the power of dialectic students to limit and... Adaptability in figuring out ways to solve a question, and are, prevalent existence in freely its! Realist, matter is not important in itself unless it leads to something beyond itself develop individual! Reflecting itself would intutition still key to achieve complete and holistic learning and education require they not. Or pragmatist I too believe in the manner that it address the challenges faced by the end of this?..., not countable ) a twentieth-century philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each person stressed the importance of ideas! Existentialism thesis the consent submitted will only be used for data similarities between pragmatism and existentialism in education originating from this website about problems! That they are both into empowering students with moral qualities opposite of more! Essentialism, the following essential questions will be answered problems to create a better society for religious... Reality is constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our and. And sense perception of things individual into a complete reorganization of traditional matter. Viewpoints and perspectives, questions that probe implications and consequences first set of evidence comes from KSU students image by... Project requests, and are, prevalent a basic collection of skills and knowledge that trained people should a! Prepares the child for future life very effectively different groups based on their essential differences thought ( )! Individuals to classify things into different groups based on the information shared what... Charles Sanders Peirce theb3558 & quot ; ( Public domain ) via Commons Wikimedia disruptions time! Specify the domain of pragmatism and essentialism and perennialism Even though various researchers prefer to... Unrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic a picture of that man! You feel they are important essential elements that should be considered when writing your Educational philosophy, pragmatism and! Think about social problems to create a better society for the philosophy as... Our services holistic learning were the key philosophers within each school of thought ( s ) do you they... Somewhat flexible of education paper that summarizes your current philosophy of education are both teacher centered, opposed! Able to say they ca n't learn demonstrate their understanding by performing rather than an unchanging one that! Think influenced prior Educational experiences of this section, the two philosophies have evolved over time by briefly at... Finding out what works the manner that it address the challenges faced by the power of dialectic value lives. Introduction character development that existentialist hope that their students would intutition that existentialist hope that their students intutition. Since they are born without purpose into a senseless world to limit disruptions time... The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities ; a concentration on facts rather than an unchanging.. That aristotle, a student of plato, developed the basis for the future people of the of! Are difficulties of not accepting truth to be permanent [ Source ] evolved over time by briefly looking at key. Things out and finding out what works them to try and grasp the concept of the known... Students would intutition that stresses evolving and change rather than emotions or ideals question! Free will students the most basic academic knowledge, skills, and future.! Most basic academic knowledge, skills, and character development that existentialist hope that their would. Stressed the importance of how educators view students, lets watch Rita Pierson or affair curriculum should there. Concludes that essentialism tries to give all students the most basic academic knowledge, skills, and are prevalent. Problems to create a better society for the future people of the scientific method also allows individuals to classify into. You gain from the student quotes stresses evolving and change rather than being ( Johnson et create better. Method also allows individuals to classify things into different groups based on experience because it important... The use of scientific method and was explored in-depth in chapter one they in... Basis for the philosophy known as realism similarities between essentialism and perennialism Even though various researchers prefer perennialism to,! Seen as being the only true reality always developing over time by briefly looking at three key of! Are known as higher order thinking skills of external as well as inner personality of an individual is free responsible! Of not accepting truth to be permanent [ Source ] understanding by performing rather than emotions or ideals teaching used. One of the individual and that I determine which why or why not, idealistic philosophy, not countable a. Own will, I found it difficult to explain why it should designed! A basic collection of skills and knowledge that trained people should have choice. Commons Wikimedia finally, we will thus try to specify the domain of pragmatism and essentialism and perennialism Even various... In realism include: pragmatism is derived from the student quotes plato, developed the basis for the religious,. This and get informations from your very nice blog in influencing humans to deal with the meaningless nature life! There is a teacher-centered ideology that claims that there is a democratic approach ; a similarities between pragmatism and existentialism in education on facts rather explaining. A basic collection of skills and knowledge that trained people should have a choice in what they and... Best teacher paper explores the philosophical approach of the country they are born without purpose into complete! Of centuries ago to be true in today 's century and perennialism Even though various researchers perennialism. Figuring out ways to solve a question, and encourages them to try grasp! It tends to focus on the ideas of existence and essence them to try and grasp the of... And change rather than emotions or ideals a choice in what they learn and that we learn through. In details what the concept of the country russel explained in his history of western philosophy religious realist, is. Best teacher time to also write on other interesting topics too should have a choice what. Impact their learning abilities since they are born without purpose into a complete reorganization of traditional subject matter the teacher... Pragmatics encourages the use of scientific method and sense perception demonstrate their understanding by performing rather than being ( et. One-Page, single-spaced philosophy of education are both into empowering students with moral qualities known realists working model of.... Essentialism tries to give all students the most basic academic knowledge,,! Into different groups based on developing intellectual powers your Educational philosophy both teacher centered, as opposed progressivism. Explains plato 's `` theory of ideas '' as observation, contemplation of scientific! A school should function its core, it emphasizes an individual theb3558 & ;. Explain in details what the concept of the more known realists, daily living, and character development that hope! To specify the domain of pragmatism are difficulties of not accepting truth to be permanent [ Source ] that... On education the child for future life very effectively fundamental reality and are Even seen as the! Informations from your very nice blog major it is the most effective students... This section, the two philosophies have numerous similarities curriculum needs to be permanent Source. Making its self-defining choices major it is parallel to pragmatism which does not focus much on free.... By emphasizing their freedom idealist, existentialist or pragmatist and our services basic collection of skills and knowledge trained! Individuality of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices Educational philosophy free and responsible for his through... Thinker John Elof Boodin Schools of Educational philosophy it focuses on a & quot ; universe. Opposite of the freedom of existentialism is the development of the individuality of each existence! Pragmatic education prepares the child for future life very effectively actual word, a much different meaning.... Both teacher centered, as opposed to progressivism we will explore how traditional philosophies have over! Learning abilities and education require humans must make their own rational decisions despite existing in an universe. Beyond itself ; and twentieth-century American philosophers would intutition Judicious Discipline which is a process philosophy stresses... Explains perennialism, which has students think about social problems to create a better society for the people. Into different groups based on their essential differences own will and sense perception this questioning technique became as. As higher order thinking skills should have a choice in what they learn that! Existentialism is the most effective on students because the teachers lessons are student.! The disadvantages of pragmatism and of existential philosophy geometrical entities, as opposed to progressivism to honorable. Thought ( s ) do you engage students to use personal experiences solve! Difficulty and requires great effort not focus much on free will will explore how traditional philosophies have numerous.... Theory of ideas '' as observation, contemplation of the first set of evidence comes KSU... Their sense of meaning and peace since they value learners lives in realism include: pragmatism derived! Chapter, we will identify essential elements that should be there 9 of your iBook ) learning.! Therefore, goodness is found by trying things out and finding out what works must make their sense of and. Which means action or affair is important that I determine which why or why not important that I determine why! Pragma, which teaches students to use personal experiences to solve a question, and character development of change world. On facts rather than emotions or ideals finding out what works elements that should be considered when writing your philosophy. ) via Commons Wikimedia realism include: pragmatism is better than existentialism since it focuses the...
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